Analysis of Factors Associated with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Prevalence in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) increases the risk of macrovascular complications such as Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), which is a leading cause of death due to atherosclerosis accelerated by chronic hyperglycemia.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity with the incidence of CAD in diabetic patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital.

Method: This retrospective case-control study involved 116 patients (58 cases and 58 controls) selected using purposive sampling based on medical record data from 2024. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression.

Results: Results showed a significant association between age > 45 years (p = 0.015; OR = 5.296), male gender (p = 0.015; OR = 2.735), hypertension (p = 0.002; OR = 3.617), and dyslipidemia (p = 0.015; OR = 5.296) with CAD, while obesity was not significant (p = 0.097). Multivariate analysis identified age > 45 years as the dominant factor (p = 0.032; OR = 5.887), followed by dyslipidemia, gender, and hypertension.

Conclusion: This study concludes that age > 45 years, male gender, history of hypertension, and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the incidence of CAD in DM patients, with age being the dominant factor. Obesity, although not statistically significant, remains clinically relevant and requires evaluation with indicators other than BMI.

Recommendation: This study emphasizes the importance of screening and controlling risk factors to prevent cardiovascular complications in DM patients.