Perbedaan karakteristik klinis pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan dan tanpa neuropati perifer
Keywords:
durasi penyakit, diabetes melitus tipe 2, hipertensi, karakteristik klinis, neuropati periferAbstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik klinis pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dengan dan tanpa neuropati perifer di Puskesmas Gamping 1, Yogyakarta. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan pada 94 pasien DMT2 yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Neuropati perifer dinilai menggunakan uji monofilamen Semmes–Weinstein 10 g. Karakteristik klinis yang dianalisis meliputi durasi diabetes melitus, riwayat hipertensi, dan indeks massa tubuh. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-square dan Fisher’s exact, dilanjutkan dengan regresi logistik biner multivariat. Neuropati perifer ditemukan pada 62,8% pasien. Pasien dengan neuropati perifer memiliki durasi diabetes melitus yang lebih lama dan lebih sering memiliki riwayat hipertensi dibandingkan pasien tanpa neuropati. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa durasi diabetes melitus 5–10 tahun berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian neuropati perifer (OR = 41,62; p < 0,001), demikian pula riwayat hipertensi (OR = 0,21; p = 0,023). Indeks massa tubuh tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Kesimpulannya, terdapat perbedaan karakteristik klinis yang signifikan antara pasien DMT2 dengan dan tanpa neuropati perifer, terutama terkait durasi penyakit dan riwayat hipertensi, sehingga diperlukan skrining dan pengelolaan dini pada pasien berisiko tinggi untuk mencegah komplikasi neuropatik.
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